Electric transformer.



No. 628,957. Patented July I8, I899.

\ J. w. PACKARD.

ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1899.)

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No: 628,957. Patented July l8, I899;

J. w. PACKARD ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER.

(Application filed Apr. 22, 1899.) "(New 2 Sheets$heet 2.

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Yuvenfor:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES IV. PACKARD, OF \VARREI OHIO.

ELECTRIC TRANSFORMER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 628,957, dated July 18, 1899. Application filed April 22, 1899. Serial No. 714,081. (No model.)

To all who/1'1 1 1; 'II'I/(LZ/ con/corn;

Be it known that I, JAMES IV. PACKARD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Warren, in the county of Trumbull and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Transformers, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to improvements in electric transformers of that class in which provision is made for allowing a current of air to circulate through the casing for the purposeof preventing overheating of the transformer-coil.

In the drawings forming a part of this ap plication, Figure l is a vertical sectional view through a transformer-casing constructed in accordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on line 3 3 of Fig. 2, the coil being removed. Fig. 4c is a plan View. Fig. 5 is a view of the inner side or bottom of the cover. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the battle-plate F. Figs. 7 and 8 illustrate the manner of applying said plate to the supports provided therefor on the transformer-case.

Referring to the drawings, in which like letters of reference denote corresponding parts in the several figures, A designates the body of the casin g, and B the removable cover therefor. I

The casing A may be of any suitable form and size and provided with any desirable means for attaching it to the support on which it is to be carried. In the embodiment of the invention herein illustrated it is provided with aseries of integral hook-shaped hangers O, by which it may be suspended from a cross arm, as is customary, and also with a series of feet D for use if it is desired to mount the transformer on a horizontal support.

All of the above-described parts may, however, be changed without affecting the pres ent invention, which relates particularly to means for maintaining a circulation of air through the coil-chamber in the body A and for holding the core of the transformer in proper position within saidchamber.

E designates an air inlet or opening in the bottom of the body A, this opening being formed at the lowest portion of said bottom and out of line with the coil-supports thereon. Below the opening E is suspended a shield or battle-plate F. This plate may be supported in any desired and suitable manner; but at present it is preferred to employ lugs G for this purpose. These lugs are arranged about the opening E and extend downwardly from the bottom of the body A, but do not project as low as the feet or base supports D. At their lower free ends these lugs are bentinwardly, and thereby form supports on which the plate F rests. This plate is of such size as to extend entirely across the opening E, and thereby prevent rain or snow being carried into the casing by eddies of Wind and also the direct passage of any article through said opening into the coil-chamber of the casing; but it offers no obstruction to the free entrance of air into said chamber that is, the lugs G and plate F are so arranged that a direct unobstructed passage is formed between the bottom of the case and the plate F in every direction.

It will be seen that I avoid entirely, both in the matter of the above-described ventilating-opening in the bottom of the case and that hereinafter referred to at the upper end, placing any deflecting surface or obstruction in the paths of the currents of air, so that there is no chance of rain or snow being carried into the coil-chamber.

The plate F is formed of thin sheet metal, and, as shown in Fig. 6, has four notchesf formed inits periphery, said notches being positioned to correspond to the lugs Gr aforesaid. The notches fextend into the plate suclra distance that the inner ends thereof will contact with or lie close to the inner faces of the lugs when the plate is placed in position. Slits f are extended into the body of the plate, one in line with one of the sides of each of said notches beyond the inner ends of the notchesf. This permits of bending the sections'of the plate between the notchesf 5 out of the planes of the body of said plate.

In applying the plate F to the transformer the sections f are bent outwardly, as just described, and then the plate is positioned with relation to the lugs G in the mannerindicated in full lines in Fig. 7. \Vhen so arranged, it will be seen that the portions f of the plate immediately adjacent to the inner ends of the notches f will be in position'to pass beneath the inwaidly-extending lips at the lower ends of the lugs G and the portions j" of the plate will extend across the lower ends of said lugs. By turning the plate in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. '7 the portionsf aforesaid will be movedinto alinement with the lips or flanges g, and when the slits f are in alinement with the proper side of the lugs G the portionsf of the plate are readily forced up into their original position in the planes of the rest of the plate F.

The cover or removable top 13 of the case is provided with ventilatin -openings, and these are preferably formed and protected in the manner now to be described. Said top B is provided 011 its upper surface and at the highest portion thereof with upwardlyextending ribs or flanges. These are arranged in two series, the outer member H of each series extending above the inner member K thereof. The ribs or flanges K, however, are of greater length than the flanges H and project beyond both ends of the latter, these projecting portions it being preferably reduced in height somewhat toward their ends. The flanges II are each connected at their ends, as by end pieces M, with the adjacent flanges K.

3y reference to Fig. 2 of the drawings it will be seen that while the flanges II at all points in their length extend above the flanges K the latter are at intermediate points in their length, as at 70, themselves reduced in height, so that communication is established between the passage P, between ribs or flanges K, and the passages 0, between the flanges H and K, communicating with the coil-chamber. A plate N is arranged to cover the passages P and 0 above referred to, it having its opposite edges fitted in guides formed in the inner faces of the flanges H and having also at its ends relatively narrower portions N, that are bent downwardly and cover the space between the projecting end sections of the flanges or ribs K. It will be noticed that the passage P extends continuously across the top or cover B and is open at both ends, so that a direct current of air can pass therethrough, and also it will be seen that the communication between said passage and the passages O is at the highest point in the passage. This arrangement permits the heated air escaping from the coil-chamber of thecasing to pass directly out, and the arrangement described effectually prevents the entrance of rain or moisture into the coil-chamber without necessitating the passage of the heated air through a circuitous path. It will also be seen that the cover B is provided on its interior with means for engaging the upper end of the core of the transformer-coil and holding it in proper position within the case. This core, which in the embodiment of the invention herein illustrated is of substantially rectangular form, has its lower end fitted between lugs R, extending upwardly from the bottom of the easing, suitable insulating material R being provided to prevent electrical contact between the core and the casing. As shown, there are three of the lugs R adjacent to each end of the lower member or bar of the core Q, one being in line with said bar and the other two arranged on opposite sides thereof, and, further, the core does not rest throughout its width on the casing-bottom, but on ribs or ridges '1', extending slightly above said bottom within the lugs R. It will be noticed that the core Q extends across the opening or aperture E, but is held out of contact with the bottom of the casing immediately surrounding that opening, as the portions ofsaid bottom on which the core rests are elevated somewhat above the central apertured section thereof. This forms an air-chamber about the lower portion of the core Q and permits air entering the aperture E to pass up through as well as around the coil.

The corners of the upper end of the core (.L. extend into sockets or holders S, formed in the cover B. These sockets, which are formed by depending ribs T, are arranged between and at the ends of the slots or passages O in the cover. The width of the space between the passages O is substantially the same as the width of the core Q, and the sockets or holders S are slightly wider in order that a proper amount of insulating material U may be placed between the core and the walls of said sockets. The side walls of the sockets S are connected by ribs, each having alongitudinally-extending member \V, whose inner face is flush with the outer side of the adjacent air-passage O, and end sections XV, connect ing said longitudinal member with the walls of the sockets S. The end walls'of said sockets are connected, as at V, with the inclined end walls of the cover B. I am thus enabled to provide a cover which shall not be excessively or undesirably heavy and which will form a simple and effective means for holding the transformer-coil in position. By my invention I am enabled to avoid the necessity of employing bars or plates separate and independent of both the case and cover for holding the coil in place, the two bolts Y, by which the cover 123 is attached to the casing A, being all the fastening means employed either for connecting the cover to the easing-body or for supporting the coil in the casingthat is, when the bolts Y have been loosened the cover can be detached and the coil can be withdrawn from the case as soon as its external lines or conductors are disengaged. plate N is the name-plate, upon which is placed the usual information as to the character, size, capacity, &c., of the transformer.

lVhatis claimed is 1. The herein-described case for an electric transformer having ventilatingopenings in its top and bottom, and a shield or ballle plate supported from the casing in a position below the ventilating-opening in the bottom thereof, substantially as set forth.

The

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2. The heroin-described case for an electric transformer having vcntilating openings in its bottom and top, a series of lugs depending from the bottom of the casing about the ventilating-openin g therein, and a plate supported by said lugs out of contact with the bottom and extendingacross the opening therein,substantially asset forth.

A transformer-casin g having ventilating-openings in its bottom and top, and means covering the opening in the top and forming a passage above said top open at both ends, substantially as set forth.

4-. A transformer-casing having an opening in its bottom and a passage in its top that is open at both ends and communicates with the interior of the casing at points intermediate of its length, substantially as set forth.

5. In a transformer-casing,the combination of a body having an opening in its bottom and an opening in its top, upwardly-extending ribs or flanges on opposite sides of the opening in the top, and a plate connecting said flanges and forming therewith a passage above and comm nnicating with the coil-chamber of the casing that is open at its ends, substantially as set forth.

6. In a transformer-casing,the combination of a body having an opening in its bottom and two parallel slots or openings in its top, the walls of which extend above said top, and the outer side walls of said top openings extending above the inner side walls thereof, and a plate secured to the outer side walls of said top openings, above the inner side walls thereof, whereby a passage open at its ends and communicating with both of the slots in the casing-top is provided, substantially as set forth. 4

7. In atransformer-casing,the combination of a body having an opening at its bottom and two parallel slots or openings in its top, the walls of which extend above the casing, the outer side walls of said top slots or openings extending above the inner and end walls thereof, and the inner walls of said slots projecting longitudinally beyond the ends of the slots, and a cap-plate connecting the outer walls of said slots, above the inner walls, and provided at its ends with sections that connect the portions of the inner walls of said slots that extend longitudinally beyond the outer walls thereof, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination with a transformercasing, having an opening in its bottom, of the herein-described ventilating cap or cover having the longitudinally-extending flanges or ribs, II, on its upper surface, the relatively lower ribs or flanges, K, between those aforesaid, a plate having its opposite side edges supported by the first said flanges or ribs, H, and slots or apertures, 0, formed in the body of the cap or cover between the flanges, H, K, substantially as set forth.

9. In a transformer, the combination of a casing having an air-inlet opening in its hotforth.

tom, a coil whose core extends across said opening and is supported by raised portions of the bottom on opposite sides thereof, and a cover for the casing having on its inner surface meansfor engaging with the upper end of the core and having air-outlet passages between which the upper end of the core extends, substantially as set forth.

10. In a transformer, the combination of a coil, a casing for said coil, lugs extending upwardly from the bottom of the casing and arranged to receive the core of the coil between them and prevent horizontal movement thereof in any direction, a cover provided on its inner side with two sets of downwardlyeprojecting ribs, T, the members of each set being arranged to form a socket or holder for one of the upper corners of the core, an insulating means separating the coil from said lugs and ribs, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination with a case for an electric transformer having a ventilating-aperture formed in one of its walls, of a series of lugs projecting from the outer face of said wall about said aperture,.and a bathe-plate adapted to detachably engage and extend across the space between said lugs, substantially as set forth.

12. The combination with a case for an electric transformer having a ventilating-aperture formed in one of its walls, of a plate supported from said wall to provide a series of passages each open at both ends and communicating at intermediate points with the said ventilating aperture, substantially as set forth.

13. The combination with a case for an elec tric transformer having a ventilating-aperture in its bottom wall, of a series of lugs de pending from said wall about the ventilatingaperture therein and each having its lower end bent inwardly, and a plate arranged to extend across the space between said lugs and be supported by the said inwardly-extending lower ends thereof; substantially as set forth.

1 L. The combination with a case for an electric transformer having a ventilating-aperture in its bottom wall, of a series of lugs depending from said wall about the ventilatingaperture therein, and each having an inwardly-extending lip at its lower end, and a plate adapted to be supported by said lips and to project across the edges of the lugs above the lips, substantially as set forth.

15. The combination with a case for an elec tric transformer having a ventilating-aperture in its bottom wall, of a series of lugs de-' pending from said wall about the opening therein and each having its lower end bent inwardly, and a plate adapted to be supported by said lower ends of the lugs, and at points inside of its perimeter, substantially as set 16. The combination with a case for an electric transformer having a ventilating-apernotch, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES \V. PACKARD.

lVit-nesses:

EDITH GORTON, F. M. RUssELL. 

